Contract Address Details

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;



/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Multicall.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Multicall.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides a function to batch together multiple calls in a single external call.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract Multicall {
    /**
     * @dev Receives and executes a batch of function calls on this contract.
     * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow-reachable delegatecall
     */
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) external virtual returns (bytes[] memory results) {
        results = new bytes[](data.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            results[i] = Address.functionDelegateCall(address(this), data[i]);
        }
        return results;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/SafeMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// CAUTION
// This version of SafeMath should only be used with Solidity 0.8 or later,
// because it relies on the compiler's built in overflow checks.

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations.
 *
 * NOTE: `SafeMath` is generally not needed starting with Solidity 0.8, since the compiler
 * now has built in overflow checking.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a * b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a / b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a % b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b <= a, errorMessage);
            return a - b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a / b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a % b;
        }
    }
}


// File @openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol@v4.9.3

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableSet.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableSet, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableSet.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastValue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastValue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastValue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastValue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}


// File contracts/cowTipFarm.sol

// Original license: SPDX_License_Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.19;
// import "hardhat/console.sol";

interface IMasterChef is IERC20 {
    struct UserInfo {
        uint256 amount;
        uint256 rewardDebt;
    }
    struct PoolInfo {
        IERC20 lpToken;
        uint256 allocPoint;
        uint256 lastRewardTime;
        uint256 accIncPerShare;
    }
    function poolLength() external view returns (uint256);
    function getMultiplier(uint256 _from, uint256 _to) external view returns (uint256);
    function pendingInc(uint256 _pid, address _user) external view returns (uint256);
    function deposit(uint256 _pid, uint256 _amount) external;
    function withdraw(uint256 _pid, uint256 _amount) external;
    function emergencyWithdraw(uint256 _pid) external;
    function poolInfo(uint256 pid) external view returns (IERC20 lpToken, uint256 allocPoint, uint256 lastRewardTime, uint256 accIncPerShare);
}

interface ICOWTIP is IERC20 {
    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external;
}

interface IPair {
    function token0() external view returns (address);
    function token1() external view returns (address);
}

contract CowTipFarm is ReentrancyGuard, Ownable, Multicall {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;
    using SafeERC20 for ICOWTIP;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;

    // Info of each user.
    struct UserInfo {
        uint256 amount; // How many LP tokens the user has provided.
        uint256 rewardDebt; // Reward debt. See explanation below.
    }

    // Info of each pool.
    struct PoolInfo {
        IERC20 token; // Address of LP token contract.
        uint256 allocPoint; // How many allocation points assigned to this pool. CowTip to distribute per block.
        uint256 lastRewardTime; // Last time that cowTip distribution occurs.
        uint16 depositFeeBP; //depositfee
        uint16 withdrawFeeBP; //withdrawfee
        uint256 accTokensPerShare; // Accumulated cowTip per share, times 1e18. See below.
        bool isStarted; // if lastRewardTime has passed
        IMasterChef externalFarm; // Farm associated with the pool.
        uint256 lpBalance;
        uint256 externalPid;
    }

    struct PoolView {
        uint256 pid;
        address token;
        uint256 allocPoint;
        uint256 lastRewardTime;
        uint16 depositFeeBP;
        uint16 withdrawFeeBP;
        uint256 accTokensPerShare;
        bool isStarted;
        address externalFarm;
        uint256 lpBalance;
        uint256 rewardsPerSecond;
    }

    struct UserView {
        uint256 pid;
        uint256 stakedAmount;
        uint256 unclaimedRewards;
        uint256 lpBalance;
        uint256 allowance;
    }

    ICOWTIP public cowTip;

    IERC20 public constant INC = IERC20(0x2fa878Ab3F87CC1C9737Fc071108F904c0B0C95d);
    IMasterChef public constant PULSE_X_MASTERCHEF = IMasterChef(address(0xB2Ca4A66d3e57a5a9A12043B6bAD28249fE302d4));

    // Info of each pool.
    PoolInfo[] public poolInfo;
    EnumerableSet.AddressSet private lpTokens;

    // Info of each user that stakes LP tokens.
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => UserInfo)) public userInfo;

    // Total allocation points. Must be the sum of all allocation points in all pools.
    uint256 public totalAllocPoint = 0;

    // The time when cowTip mining starts.
    uint256 public poolStartTime;
    address public feeAddress;
    address public devAddress;
    uint256 public feePercent;
    uint256 public devPercent;
    uint256 public sharesPerSecond;
    uint256 public constant MAX_SHARES_PER_SECOND = 25 ether;
    uint256 public referralRate = 500;
    mapping(address => address) public referral; // referral => referrer
    mapping(address => uint256) public referralEarned; // for stats

    event Deposit(address indexed user, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 amount);
    event Withdraw(address indexed user, uint256 indexed pid, uint256 amount);
    event EmergencyWithdraw(
        address indexed user,
        uint256 indexed pid,
        uint256 amount
    );
    event RewardPaid(address indexed user, uint256 amount);

    constructor(
        ICOWTIP _cowTip,
        address _feeAddress,
        address _devAddress,
        uint256 _feePercent,
        uint256 _devPercent,
        uint256 _sharesPerSecond,
        uint256 _poolStartTime
    ) {
        require(_sharesPerSecond <= MAX_SHARES_PER_SECOND, "too high");
        require(block.timestamp < _poolStartTime, "CowTipFarm: late");
        require(
            _feeAddress != address(0) &&
                _devAddress != address(0) &&
                address(_cowTip) != address(0),
            "CowTipFarm: Zero address not allowed"
        );
        require(
            _devPercent <= 1000 && _feePercent <= 1000,
            "CowTipFarm: Invalid percentages"
        );
        cowTip = _cowTip;
        feeAddress = _feeAddress;
        devAddress = _devAddress;
        feePercent = _feePercent;
        devPercent = _devPercent;
        sharesPerSecond = _sharesPerSecond;
        poolStartTime = _poolStartTime;
    }

    function poolLength() external view returns (uint256) {
        return poolInfo.length;
    }

    // Add a new lp to the pool
    function add(
        uint256 _allocPoint,
        IERC20 _token,
        bool _withUpdate,
        uint256 _lastRewardTime,
        uint16 _depositFeeBP,
        uint16 _withdrawFeeBP,
        IMasterChef _externalFarm,
        uint256 _externalPid
    ) external onlyOwner {
        IPair pool_lp = IPair(address(_token));
        IERC20 token0 = IERC20(pool_lp.token0());
        IERC20 token1 = IERC20(pool_lp.token1());
        require(
            address(_externalFarm) == address(0) || _externalFarm == PULSE_X_MASTERCHEF, "incorrect farm"
        );
        require(
            address(token0) != address(0) && address(token1) != address(0),
            "CowTipFarm: Only LP tokens "
        );
        require(
            Address.isContract(address(_token)),
            "CowTipFarm: LP token must be a valid contract"
        );
        if (address(_externalFarm) != address(0)) {
             (IERC20 masterChefLpToken,,,) = _externalFarm.poolInfo(_externalPid);
            require(
                _token == masterChefLpToken,
                "CowTipFarm: farm is not valid"
            );
        }
        require(
            _depositFeeBP <= 400 && _withdrawFeeBP <= 400,
            "CowTipFarm: Invalid deposit or withdraw fee basis points"
        );
        require(
            !lpTokens.contains(address(_token)),
            "CowTipFarm: LP already added"
        );

        if (_withUpdate) {
            massUpdatePools();
        }

        if (block.timestamp < poolStartTime) {
            // chef is sleeping
            if (_lastRewardTime < poolStartTime) {
                _lastRewardTime = poolStartTime;
            }
        } else {
            // chef is cooking
            if (_lastRewardTime < block.timestamp) {
                _lastRewardTime = block.timestamp;
            }
        }
        bool _isStarted = (block.timestamp >= poolStartTime) &&
            (block.timestamp >= _lastRewardTime);
        poolInfo.push(
            PoolInfo({
                token: _token,
                allocPoint: _allocPoint,
                lastRewardTime: _lastRewardTime,
                accTokensPerShare: 0,
                isStarted: _isStarted,
                depositFeeBP: _depositFeeBP,
                withdrawFeeBP: _withdrawFeeBP,
                externalFarm: _externalFarm,
                lpBalance: 0,
                externalPid: _externalPid
            })
        );
        if (_isStarted) {
            totalAllocPoint = totalAllocPoint.add(_allocPoint);
        }

        lpTokens.add(address(_token));
    }

    // Update the given pool's cowTip allocation point. Can only be called by the owner.
    function set(
        uint256 _pid,
        uint256 _allocPoint,
        uint16 _depositFeeBP,
        uint16 _withdrawFeeBP
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _depositFeeBP <= 400 && _withdrawFeeBP <= 400,
            "CowTipFarm: Invalid deposit or withdraw fee basis points"
        );
        massUpdatePools();
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        if (pool.isStarted) {
            totalAllocPoint = totalAllocPoint.sub(pool.allocPoint).add(
                _allocPoint
            );
        }
        pool.allocPoint = _allocPoint;
        poolInfo[_pid].depositFeeBP = _depositFeeBP;
        poolInfo[_pid].withdrawFeeBP = _withdrawFeeBP;
    }

    // Return accumulate rewards over the given _from to _to block.
    function getMultiplier(
        uint256 _from,
        uint256 _to
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        if (_from >= _to) return 0;
        if (_to <= poolStartTime) return 0;
        if (_from >= poolStartTime) {
            return _to.sub(_from);
        } else {
            return _to.sub(poolStartTime);
        }
    }

    // View function to see pending CowTip on frontend.
    function pendingShare(
        uint256 _pid,
        address _user
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        UserInfo storage user = userInfo[_pid][_user];
        uint256 accTokensPerShare = pool.accTokensPerShare;
        uint256 tokenSupply = pool.lpBalance;
        if (block.timestamp > pool.lastRewardTime && tokenSupply != 0) {
            uint256 multiplier = getMultiplier(
                pool.lastRewardTime,
                block.timestamp
            );
            uint256 lpPercent = 10000 - devPercent - feePercent;
            uint256 _generatedReward = multiplier.mul(sharesPerSecond);
            uint256 _cowTipReward = _generatedReward
                .mul(pool.allocPoint)
                .div(totalAllocPoint)
                .mul(lpPercent)
                .div(10000);
            accTokensPerShare = accTokensPerShare.add(
                _cowTipReward.mul(1e18).div(tokenSupply)
            );
        }
        return
            user.amount.mul(accTokensPerShare).div(1e18).sub(user.rewardDebt);
    }

    // Update reward variables for all pools. Be careful of gas spending!
    function massUpdatePools() public {
        uint256 length = poolInfo.length;
        for (uint256 pid = 0; pid < length; ++pid) {
            updatePool(pid);
        }
    }

    // Update reward variables of the given pool to be up-to-date.
    function updatePool(uint256 _pid) public {
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        if (block.timestamp <= pool.lastRewardTime) {
            return;
        }
        if (!pool.isStarted) {
            pool.isStarted = true;
            totalAllocPoint = totalAllocPoint.add(pool.allocPoint);
        }
        uint256 tokenSupply = pool.lpBalance;
        if (tokenSupply == 0) {
            pool.lastRewardTime = block.timestamp;
            return;
        }

        if (totalAllocPoint > 0) {
            uint256 multiplier = getMultiplier(
                pool.lastRewardTime,
                block.timestamp
            );
            uint256 _generatedReward = multiplier.mul(sharesPerSecond);
            uint256 _cowTipReward = _generatedReward
                .mul(pool.allocPoint)
                .div(totalAllocPoint);
            uint256 lpPercent = 10000 - devPercent - feePercent;
            cowTip.mint(
                devAddress,
                _cowTipReward.mul(devPercent).div(10000)
            );
            cowTip.mint(
                feeAddress,
                _cowTipReward.mul(feePercent).div(10000)
            );
            cowTip.mint(
                address(this),
                _cowTipReward.mul(lpPercent).div(10000) + _cowTipReward.mul(referralRate).div(10000)
            );

            pool.accTokensPerShare = pool.accTokensPerShare.add(
                _cowTipReward.mul(1e18).div(tokenSupply).mul(lpPercent).div(
                    10000
                )
            );
        }
        pool.lastRewardTime = block.timestamp;
    }

    function deposit(
        uint256 _pid,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _referrer
    ) external nonReentrant {
        address staker = _msgSender();
        _deposit(_pid, _amount, _referrer, staker);
    }

    function depositOnBehalfOf(
        uint256 _pid,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _referrer,
        address _staker
    ) external nonReentrant {
        _deposit(_pid, _amount, _referrer, _staker);
    }

    function withdraw(uint256 _pid, uint256 _amount) external nonReentrant {
        _withdraw(_pid, _amount);
    }

    function _deposit(
        uint256 _pid,
        uint256 _amount,
        address _referrer,
        address _staker
    ) private {
        if (referral[_staker] == address(0)) {
        require(
            _referrer != address(0) &&
                _referrer != _staker &&
                _referrer != address(this),
            "CowTipFarm: Invalid referrer"
        );
            referral[_staker] = _referrer;
        } else {
            _referrer = referral[_staker];
        }

        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        UserInfo storage user = userInfo[_pid][_staker];
        updatePool(_pid);
        if (user.amount > 0) {
            uint256 _pending = user
                .amount
                .mul(pool.accTokensPerShare)
                .div(1e18)
                .sub(user.rewardDebt);
            if (_pending > 0) {
                uint256 referralAmount = ((_pending) * referralRate) / 10000;
                if (referralAmount > 0) {
                    referralEarned[_referrer] =
                        referralEarned[_referrer] +
                        referralAmount;
                    safeCowTipTransfer(_referrer, referralAmount);
                }
                safeCowTipTransfer(_staker, _pending);
                emit RewardPaid(_staker, _pending);
            }
        }
        if (_amount > 0) {
            pool.token.safeTransferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), _amount);
        }
        if (pool.depositFeeBP > 0) {
            uint256 depositFee = _amount.mul(pool.depositFeeBP).div(10000);
            pool.token.safeTransfer(feeAddress, depositFee);
            user.amount = user.amount.add(_amount).sub(depositFee);
            pool.lpBalance = pool.lpBalance.add(_amount).sub(depositFee);
        } else {
            user.amount = user.amount.add(_amount);
            pool.lpBalance = pool.lpBalance.add(_amount);
        }

        user.rewardDebt = user.amount.mul(pool.accTokensPerShare).div(1e18);
        if (address(pool.externalFarm) != address(0)) {
            uint256 toDeposit = pool.token.balanceOf(address(this));
            address _externalFarm = address(pool.externalFarm);
            pool.token.approve(_externalFarm, toDeposit);
            pool.externalFarm.deposit(pool.externalPid,toDeposit);
        }
        emit Deposit(_staker, _pid, _amount);
    }

    function _withdraw(uint256 _pid, uint256 _amount) private {
        address _sender = _msgSender();
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        UserInfo storage user = userInfo[_pid][_sender];
        require(
            user.amount >= _amount,
            "CowTipFarm: User amount too low"
        );
        updatePool(_pid);
        address referrer = referral[_sender];
        uint256 _pending = user
            .amount
            .mul(pool.accTokensPerShare)
            .div(1e18)
            .sub(user.rewardDebt);

        if (_pending > 0) {
            uint256 referralAmount = ((_pending) * referralRate) / 10000;
            if (referralAmount > 0) {
                referralEarned[referrer] =
                    referralEarned[referrer] +
                    referralAmount;
                safeCowTipTransfer(referrer, referralAmount);
            }

            safeCowTipTransfer(_sender, _pending);
            emit RewardPaid(_sender, _pending);
        }
        if (_amount > 0) {
            user.amount = user.amount.sub(_amount);
            if (address(pool.externalFarm) != address(0)) {
                pool.externalFarm.withdraw(pool.externalPid,_amount);
            }
            if (pool.withdrawFeeBP > 0) {
                uint256 withdrawFee = _amount.mul(pool.withdrawFeeBP).div(
                    10000
                );
                pool.token.safeTransfer(feeAddress, withdrawFee);
                pool.token.safeTransfer(_sender, _amount.sub(withdrawFee));
            } else {
                pool.token.safeTransfer(_sender, _amount);
            }
        }
        user.rewardDebt = user.amount.mul(pool.accTokensPerShare).div(1e18);
        pool.lpBalance -= _amount;
        emit Withdraw(_sender, _pid, _amount);
    }

    // Withdraw without caring about rewards. EMERGENCY ONLY.
    function emergencyWithdraw(uint256 _pid) public nonReentrant {
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        UserInfo storage user = userInfo[_pid][_msgSender()];
        bool isExternalFarm = address(pool.externalFarm) != address(0);
        uint256 _amount = user.amount;
        require(_amount > 0, "CowTipFarm: User has no amount");
        user.amount = 0;
        user.rewardDebt = 0;
        if (isExternalFarm) {
            pool.externalFarm.withdraw(pool.externalPid,_amount);
        }
        if (pool.withdrawFeeBP > 0) {
            uint256 withdrawFee = _amount.mul(pool.withdrawFeeBP).div(10000);
            pool.token.safeTransfer(feeAddress, withdrawFee);
            pool.token.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), _amount.sub(withdrawFee));
        } else {
            pool.token.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), _amount);
        }
        pool.lpBalance -= _amount;
        emit EmergencyWithdraw(_msgSender(), _pid, _amount);
    }

    // Safe cowTip transfer function, just in case if rounding error causes pool to not have enough cowTip.
    function safeCowTipTransfer(address _to, uint256 _amount) internal {
        uint256 _cowTipBal = cowTip.balanceOf(address(this));
        if (_cowTipBal > 0) {
            if (_amount > _cowTipBal) {
                cowTip.safeTransfer(_to, _cowTipBal);
            } else {
                cowTip.safeTransfer(_to, _amount);
            }
        }
    }

    function getExternalReward(uint256 _pid) external onlyOwner {
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        bool isExternalFarm = address(pool.externalFarm) != address(0);
        require(isExternalFarm, "CowTipFarm: No externalFarm set");
        IERC20 rewardToken = INC;
        pool.externalFarm.deposit(pool.externalPid,0);
        uint256 amountToSend = rewardToken.balanceOf(address(this));
        rewardToken.safeTransfer(feeAddress, amountToSend);
    }

    // this will send the restaked tokens from pulseXmasterChef to cowTipFarm without caring of rewards
    // externalFarm is set to address(0) allowing users still being able to withdraw
    function removeExternalFarm(uint256 _pid) public onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        PoolInfo storage pool = poolInfo[_pid];
        bool isExternalFarm = address(pool.externalFarm) != address(0);
        require(isExternalFarm, "CowTipFarm: No externalFarm set");
        pool.externalFarm.emergencyWithdraw(pool.externalPid);
        pool.externalFarm = IMasterChef(address(0));
    }

    function setFeeAddress(address _feeAddress) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _feeAddress != address(0),
            "CowTipFarm: Zero address not allowed"
        );
        feeAddress = _feeAddress;
    }

    function setFeePercent(uint256 _feePercent) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _feePercent <= 1000,
            "CowTipFarm: invalid fee"
        );
        feePercent = _feePercent;
    }

    function setDevAddress(address _devAddress) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _devAddress != address(0),
            "CowTipFarm: Invalid percentages"
        );
        devAddress = _devAddress;
    }

    function setDevPercent(uint256 _devPercent) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _devPercent <= 1000,
            "CowTipFarm: Zero address not allowed"
        );
        devPercent = _devPercent;
    }

    function setReferralRate(uint256 _referralRate) external onlyOwner {
        require(_referralRate <= 500, "CowTipFarm: Too high");
        referralRate = _referralRate;
    }

    function updateEmissionRate(uint256 _sharesPerSecond) public onlyOwner {
        require(_sharesPerSecond <= MAX_SHARES_PER_SECOND, "too high");
        massUpdatePools();
        sharesPerSecond = _sharesPerSecond;
    }

    function getPoolView(uint256 pid) public view returns (PoolView memory) {
        require(pid < poolInfo.length, "CowTipFarm: pid out of range");
        PoolInfo memory pool = poolInfo[pid];
        uint256 lpPercent = 10000 - devPercent - feePercent;
        uint256 rewardsPerSecond;
        if(totalAllocPoint == 0){
        rewardsPerSecond = 0;
        }
        else {
        rewardsPerSecond = pool
            .allocPoint
            .mul(sharesPerSecond)
            .div(totalAllocPoint)
            .mul(lpPercent)
            .div(10000);
        }
        return
            PoolView({
                pid: pid,
                token: address(pool.token),
                allocPoint: pool.allocPoint,
                lastRewardTime: pool.lastRewardTime,
                depositFeeBP: pool.depositFeeBP,
                withdrawFeeBP: pool.withdrawFeeBP,
                accTokensPerShare: pool.accTokensPerShare,
                isStarted: pool.isStarted,
                externalFarm: address(pool.externalFarm),
                lpBalance: pool.lpBalance,
                rewardsPerSecond: rewardsPerSecond
            });
    }

    function getAllPoolViews() external view returns (PoolView[] memory) {
        PoolView[] memory views = new PoolView[](poolInfo.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < poolInfo.length; i++) {
            views[i] = getPoolView(i);
        }
        return views;
    }

    function getUserView(
        uint256 pid,
        address account
    ) public view returns (UserView memory) {
        PoolInfo memory pool = poolInfo[pid];
        UserInfo memory user = userInfo[pid][account];
        uint256 unclaimedRewards = pendingShare(pid, account);
        uint256 lpBalance = pool.token.balanceOf(account);
        return
            UserView({
                pid: pid,
                stakedAmount: user.amount,
                unclaimedRewards: unclaimedRewards,
                lpBalance: lpBalance,
                allowance: pool.token.allowance(account, address(this))
            });
    }

    function getUserViews(
        address account
    ) external view returns (UserView[] memory) {
        UserView[] memory views = new UserView[](poolInfo.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < poolInfo.length; i++) {
            views[i] = getUserView(i, account);
        }
        return views;
    }
}